‘$4 In My Bank Account’: Pandemic Has Left Millions Of Livelihoods In Limbo

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More than 10 million people are currently out of jobs, and the hardest hit industries are also some of the lowest-paying, including retail, leisure, hospitality and tourism.

Sarah Gonzales for NPR

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Sarah Gonzales for NPR

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Nine months into the pandemic, Lilli Rayne’s dog-walking and pet-sitting business in Asheville, N.C., has basically evaporated.

Lilli Rayne

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Lilli Rayne

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«My bank account has $4 in it right now,» Rayne says. «I would love the people in Washington who have decided not to give us more stimulus money to see what it’s really like to live like this.»

Early in the pandemic, the federal government stepped in with a menu of aid programs, including an extra $600 per week of unemployment benefits, benefits for self-employed people who had lost work and one-time relief checks for up to $1,200 for individuals.

«The [government] stepped up and stepped in to assist people in America in getting through,» says Holder. «I think that fiscal policy and public policy [were] really working at that juncture, but as time wore on and the pandemic wore on, that was not sustained.»

Nearly 8 million people have fallen into poverty since the middle of the year, according to new data from researchers at the University of Chicago and University of Notre Dame. The researchers attribute that sharp increase to the expiration of federal aid programs created to help those in need.

Congress now appears to be on the cusp of passing a $900 billion relief package with help for people who have lost their jobs, a $600 check for individuals making less than $75,000 a year and aid for small businesses. But the help would come after many months of inaction — months that were punctuated by mass layoffs and businesses going belly up.

In March, the last time Congress came together to pass a major package of pandemic support, airlines were thrown a $58 billion lifeline.

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That support likely helped keep people like Delta Air Lines customer service representative Jasmine Doakes in Cincinnati on the payroll.

«I was so excited about this year, working and just growing,» she recalls. «All these plans of getting to my 10th year at Delta.»

But the infusion of federal money only went so far, while air travel plummeted. In August, Doakes, 33, was laid off.

She joined millions of other people looking for work. But Doakes also has health problems — she has lupus, an autoimmune disease — that have hindered her job search.

«So it really has been a challenge,» she says.

Doakes considers herself a positive person, but admits that she’s struggling right now. On top of losing her job and the challenges of lupus, she also has COVID-19 now.

«I’m grateful because I’m still alive,» she says.

These days, most people do recover from the disease. And the first round of COVID-19 vaccinations are being administered.

But in a press conference last week, chairman of the Federal Reserve Jerome Powell reminded Congress that the pandemic is far from over.

«We know there’s need out there,» he said. «Now that we can see the light at the end of the tunnel, it would be bad to see people losing their business — their life’s work in many cases or even generation’s worth of work — because they couldn’t last another few months.»

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Nevertheless, Powell said, the vaccine is cause for cautious optimism: «Sometime in the middle of next year, you will see people feeling comfortable going out and engaging in a broader range of activities.»

But given the downturn has been uneven — disproportionately affecting working-class and lower-income people — there is reason to believe the recovery will be uneven as well, according to Holder, the economist.

For instance, she notes that men, and especially men of color, make up a large share of cab drivers and public transit workers.

«But this pandemic has shown us that we can work from home,» she says. «And people will not necessarily need to move around outside as much as they used to. That’s going to have direct implications for men of color who are overrepresented in the transportation sector.»

«I do think that there are going to be some jobs that just will not return,» Holder says.

Lilli Rayne, the dog walker and pet sitter in North Carolina, hopes that isn’t the case for her.

«For the first time in my life I was running my own business. And I was not only running my own business, I was really good at it,» she says. «It’s pet sitting. It’s fun. It’s casual. But to me, it’s my career.»

For now, her career — and livelihood — are on hold until the pandemic lets up and the U.S. can let its collective guard down.